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to prepare the ground

  • 1 pastino

    pastĭno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [pastinum], to dig and trench the ground, to prepare the ground, for the planting of vines:

    pastinandi agri rationem tradere,

    Col. 3, 13, 6; 11, 3, 9:

    solum,

    Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 159:

    vineas,

    id. 18, 26, 65, § 240:

    pastinatae vineae,

    id. 14, 1, 3, § 14; Vulg. Marc. 12, 1.—Hence, pastĭnātum, i, n. (sc. solum), ground dug and trenched; ground prepared for planting the vine, Col. 3, 13, 7:

    vineam in pastinato serere,

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 172; Col. 3, 3, 11:

    umidum pastinatum,

    id. 3, 16, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pastino

  • 2 sterno

    sterno, strāvi, strātum, 3 ( pluperf. sync. strarat, Manil. 1, 774: strasset, Varr. ap. Non. 86, 8), v. a. [Gr. root STOR, storennumi, to spread; stratos, camp; Sanscr. star- strnāmi = sterno; cf.: strages, struo, torus, and lātus, adj., old Lat. stlatus], to spread out, spread abroad; to stretch out, extend.
    I.
    Lit. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; in Cic. only in the part. perf.; cf.:

    effundo, extendo, subicio, subdo): vestes,

    Ov. M. 8, 658:

    in duro vellus solo,

    id. F. 4, 654:

    bubulos utres ponte,

    Plin. 6, 29, 34, § 176:

    hic glarea dura Sternitur,

    Tib. 1, 7, 60:

    natas sub aequore virgas Sternit,

    i. e. scatters, strews, Ov. M. 4, 743:

    harenam,

    id. F. 3, 813; id. Am. 2, 14, 8:

    herbas,

    id. M. 7, 254:

    poma passim,

    Verg. E. 7, 54:

    spongeas ad lunam et pruinas,

    Plin. 31, 11. [p. 1758] 47, §

    123: arma per flores,

    Grat. Cyneg. 487:

    fessi sternunt corpora,

    stretch out their bodies, lie down, Liv. 27, 47, 9; cf.:

    sternunt se somno diversae in litore phocae,

    Verg. G. 4, 432.—Mid.:

    sternimur optatae gremio telluris,

    Verg. A. 3, 509; and:

    in Capitolinas certatim scanditur arces Sternunturque Jovi,

    Sil. 12, 340.— Part. perf.: strātus, a, um, stretched out, lying down, prostrate (syn. prostratus): strata terrae, Enn. ap. Non. 172, 20 (Trag. v. 370 Vahl.):

    nos humi strati,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22:

    quidam somno etiam strati,

    Liv. 37, 20, 5:

    ad pedes strati,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

    stratum jacere et genua complecti,

    Quint. 6, 1, 34:

    nunc viridi membra sub arbuto Stratus,

    Hor. C. 1, 1, 21.—
    2.
    Of places, to extend:

    insulae Frisiorum, Chaucorum, etc.... sternuntur inter Helium ac Flevum,

    stretch out, extend, Plin. 4, 15, 29, § 101; 3, 5, 9, § 60;

    hence, vites stratae,

    spreading, Col. 5, 4, 2 (for Nep. Milt. 5, 3, v. under rarus, II. A.).—
    B.
    In partic., to spread a thing out flat, i. e. to smooth, level (mostly poet.):

    sternere aequor aquis,

    Verg. A. 8, 89; cf.:

    placidi straverunt aequora venti,

    id. ib. 5, 763:

    nunc omne tibi stratum silet aequor,

    id. E. 9, 57:

    pontum,

    Ov. M. 11, 501:

    mare,

    Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 125:

    stratoque super discumbitur ostro,

    Verg. A. 1, 700:

    viam per mare,

    smoothed, levelled, Lucr. 3, 1030 (acc. to the Gr. hodon storennumi):

    stratum militari labore iter,

    Quint. 2, 13, 16; so,

    hoc iter Alpes, Hoc Cannae stravere tibi,

    Sil. 12, 514;

    and trop.: praesens tibi fama benignum Stravit iter,

    Stat. Th. 12, 813.—
    * 2.
    Trop. (the figure borrowed from the sea), to calm, still, moderate:

    odia militum,

    Tac. H. 1, 58 (cf.:

    constrata ira,

    Stat. S. 2, 5, 1).—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    To cover, cover over (by spreading something out; the predom. class. signif. of the word; cf. obtendo).
    1.
    Of a couch, bed, etc., to spread, prepare, arrange, make:

    lectus vestimentis stratus est,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 30; cf.:

    strata cubilia sunt herbis,

    Lucr. 5, 1417:

    rogatus est a Maximo, ut triclinium sterneret... Atque ille stravit pelliculis haedinis lectulos Punicanos,

    Cic. Mur. 36, 75; so,

    lectum, lectos, biclinium, triclinia, etc.,

    Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 33; id. Most. 1, 4, 14; id. Men. 2, 3, 3; id. Bacch. 4, 4, 70; id. Ps. 1, 2, 31; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 73; id. Ad. 2, 4, 21; Cic. Clu. 5, 14; id. Tusc. 5, 21, 61; Hirt. B. G. 8, 51:

    his foliis cubitus sternere,

    Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 59:

    torum frondibus,

    Juv. 6, 5:

    strata cathedra,

    cushioned, id. 9, 52; cf. also, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25; and absol.:

    jubet sterni sibi in primā domus parte (sc. lectum),

    Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 7.—
    2.
    Esp., places, to cover; of a way, road, path, etc., to pave:

    aspreta erant strata saxis,

    Liv. 9, 35, 2:

    via strata,

    id. 8, 15, 8:

    semitam saxo quadrato straverunt,

    id. 10, 23 fin.; so,

    vias silice... clivum Capitolinum silice... emporium lapide,

    id. 41, 27, 5 sq.; and absol.:

    locum illum sternendum locare,

    Cic. Att. 14, 15, 2:

    pavimentum stratum lapide,

    Vulg. Ezech. 40, 17:

    viam lapide,

    Dig. 43, 11, 1.—
    3.
    To saddle:

    equos,

    Liv. 37, 20, 12; 37, 20, 4; Veg. 5, 77:

    asinum,

    Vulg. Gen. 22, 3.—
    4.
    In gen., to cover, spread:

    argento sternunt iter omne viarum,

    Lucr. 2, 626:

    foliis nemus Multis et algā litus inutili tempestas Sternet,

    will strew over, bestrew, Hor. C. 3, 17, 12:

    congeriem silvae vellere summam,

    Ov. M. 9, 236:

    litora nive,

    Val. Fl. 5, 175:

    harenam Circi chrysocolla,

    Plin. 33, 5, 27, § 90:

    solum telis,

    Verg. A. 9, 666:

    Tyrrhenas valles caedibus,

    Sil. 6, 602:

    strati bacis silvestribus agri,

    Verg. G. 2, 183:

    ante aras terram caesi stravere juvenci,

    covered, id. A. 8, 719.—
    B.
    To stretch out by flinging down, to throw down, stretch on the ground, throw to the ground, overthrow, prostrate (mostly poet., esp. in Verg.; in prose not before the Aug. period; in Cic. only once in the trop. sense; v. the foll.; cf.

    profligo): cujus casus prolapsi cum proximos sterneret,

    Liv. 5, 47:

    circa jacentem ducem sterne Gallorum catervas,

    id. 7, 26, 8:

    turbam invadite ac sternite omnia ferro,

    id. 24, 38, 7:

    alius sit fortis in armis, Sternat et adversos Marte favente duces,

    Tib. 1, 10, 30:

    caede viros,

    Verg. A. 10, 119:

    aliquem leto,

    id. ib. 8, 566:

    morte,

    id. ib. 11, 796; Liv. 31, 21, 15; Ov. M. 12, 604:

    adversā prensis a fronte capillis Stravit humi pronam,

    id. ib. 2, 477: primosque et extremos Stravit humum, Hor. C. 4, 14, 32:

    sternitur volnere,

    Verg. A. 10, 781:

    impetus per stratos caede hostes,

    Liv. 4, 29, 1:

    aliquem morti,

    Verg. A. 12, 464:

    irae Thyesten exitio gravi Stravere,

    Hor. C. 1, 16, 18:

    corpore toto Sternitur in vultus,

    Stat. Th. 12, 318:

    sternitur, et toto projectus corpore terrae,

    Verg. A. 11, 87:

    toto praecipitem sternit,

    Sil. 4, 182:

    hostes,

    Just. 2, 11, 13:

    Ajax stravit ferro pecus,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 202:

    sternitur et procumbit humi bos,

    Verg. A. 5, 481:

    strata belua texit humum,

    Ov. H. 10, 106:

    rapidus torrens Sternit agros, sternit sata laeta,

    Verg. A. 2, 306:

    moenia,

    to overthrow, demolish, Ov. M. 12, 550; cf.:

    stratis ariete muris,

    Liv. 1, 29, 2:

    sternit a culmine Trojam,

    Verg. A. 2, 603; so,

    (elephanti) stabula Indorum dentibus sternunt,

    Plin. 8, 9, 9, § 27.—
    2.
    Trop. (rare):

    deorum plagā perculsi, afflictos se et stratos esse fatentur,

    cast down, prostrated, Cic. Tusc. 3, 29, 72:

    mortalia corda Per gentes humiles stravit pavor,

    Verg. G. 1, 331:

    virtus populi Romani haec omnia strata humi erexit ac sustulit,

    Liv. 26, 41, 12:

    stratā Germaniā,

    subdued, Amm. 16, 1, 5.—Hence, strātus, a, um, P. a.; as substt.
    A.
    strāta, ae, f. (sc. via), a paved road or way (post-class.), Eutr. 9, 15:

    amplas sternite jam stratas,

    Juvenc. 1, 315:

    in margine stratae,

    id. 3, 656.—
    B.
    strātum, i, n. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic.; acc. to II. A.).—
    1.
    A bed-covering, a coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster:

    lecti mollia strata,

    Lucr. 4, 849:

    proripere se e strato,

    Suet. Calig. 51; Ov. M. 5, 34; 10, 267.—
    b.
    Meton. (pars pro toto), a bed, couch:

    haud segnis strato surgit Palinurus,

    Verg. A. 3, 513; cf. id. ib. 8, 415;

    3, 176: tale,

    Nep. Ages. 8:

    quies neque molli strato neque silentio arcessita,

    Liv. 21, 4, 7.— Plur.:

    strataque quae membris intepuere tuis,

    Ov. H. 10, 54:

    dura,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 2; Luc. 1, 239.—Once also (sc. lectus) in the masc., Favorin. ap. Gell. 15, 8, 2.—
    2.
    A horsecloth, housing, a saddle, Ov. M. 8, 33; Liv. 7, 14, 7; Sen. Ep. 80, 9; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202. —Prov.:

    qui asinum non potest, stratum caedit (v. asinum),

    Petr. 45, 8.—
    3.
    A pavement:

    saxea viarum,

    Lucr. 1, 315; 4, 415: extraneum, Petr. poët. 55, 6, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sterno

  • 3 quatio

    quătĭo, no perf., quassum, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. root, cyu-, to move, set in motion; cf. Gr. skeuos, instrument; skeuazô, to prepare], to shake (class.; syn.: concutio, convello).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen., Fest. p. 261 Müll.:

    cum equus magnā vi caput quateret,

    Liv. 8, 7:

    alas,

    Verg. A. 3, 226:

    pennas,

    Ov. M. 4, 676; Hor. C. 3, 29, 53:

    aquas,

    to agitate, disturb, Ov. H. 18, 48:

    cymbala,

    Verg. G. 4, 64:

    catenas,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 5: caput. Ov. F. 6, 400:

    comas,

    id. H. 14, 40:

    quercum huc illuc,

    id. M. 12, 329.—

    Of earthquakes: quatitur terrae motibus Ide,

    Ov. M. 12, 521:

    quid quateret terras,

    id. ib. 15, 71:

    quatiens terram fragor,

    Sil. 1, 536.—

    Of the ground, by treading, marching, etc.: campum,

    Verg. A. 11, 875:

    campos,

    id. ib. 11, 513; Sil. 1, 297:

    quatitur tellus pondere,

    id. 4, 199:

    sonitu quatit ungula campum,

    Verg. A. 8, 596:

    pede ter humum,

    Hor. C. 4, 1, 28:

    pede terram,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 7:

    quatitur certamine circus,

    Sil. 16, 323. —
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of arms, weapons, reins, etc., to wield, brandish, ply, hold:

    securim,

    Verg. A. 11, 656:

    ensem,

    Sil. 1, 429:

    aegida,

    id. 12, 336:

    scuta,

    Tac. H. 2, 22:

    hastam,

    Petr. 124:

    lora,

    Sil. 16, 415; 16, 440:

    largas habenas,

    id. 17, 542:

    verbera (i. e. flagella),

    Verg. Cul. 218.—
    2.
    Of the body, breast, limbs, etc., to agitate, shake, cause to tremble, etc.:

    horror Membra quatit,

    Verg. A. 3, 29:

    anhelitus artus et ora quatit,

    id. ib. 5, 199:

    tussis pulmonem quatit,

    Sil. 14, 601:

    terror praecordia,

    id. 2, 254:

    pectora quatit gemitu,

    Val. Fl. 5, 310.—
    3.
    To beat, strike, drive:

    homo quatietur certe cum dono foras,

    to beat out of doors, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 67:

    Arctophylax prae se quatit Arctum, Cic. poët. N. I). 2, 42, 109: cursu quatere equum,

    Verg. G. 3, 132; Sil. 12, 254.—Of things:

    quatiunt fenestras juvenes,

    Hor. C. 1, 25, 1:

    scutum hastà,

    Liv. 7, 26, 1. —
    4.
    To shake, beat, or break in pieces, to batter, shatter:

    urbis moenia ariete quatere,

    Liv. 21, 10:

    muros,

    Verg. A. 2, 610:

    muros arietibus,

    Liv. 38, 10:

    turres tremendā cuspide,

    Hor. C. 4, 6, 7:

    tecta quatiuntur,

    Plin. Pan. 51, 1:

    externas arces,

    Sil. 2, 300:

    Pergama,

    id. 13, 36; cf.:

    tonitru quatiuntur caerula caeli,

    Lucr. 6, 96. —
    II.
    Trop., to agitate, more, touch, affect, excite:

    est in animis tenerum quiddam quod aegritudine quasi tempestate quatiatur,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 12: mentem, Hor. C. 1, 16, 5:

    nec vultus tyranni Mente quatit solidā (justum virum),

    id. ib. 3, 3, 4:

    non ego te Invitum quatiam,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 12:

    quatiunt oracula Colchos,

    Val. Fl. 1, 743:

    famā oppida,

    id. 2, 122:

    quatit castra clamor,

    Sil. 3, 231:

    tumultus pectora quatit,

    Sen. Thyest. 260:

    ingenium,

    Tac. H. 1, 23:

    animum,

    Gell. 9, 13, 5:

    cum altissima quaterentur, hic inconcussus stetit,

    Plin. Pan. 94, 3. —
    B.
    In partic., to plague, vex, harass:

    quatere oppida bello,

    Verg. A. 9, 608:

    extrema Galliarum,

    Tac. H. 4, 28. — Hence, quassus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    Lit., shaken, beaten, or broken in pieces, battered, shattered:

    aula quassa,

    a broken pot, Plaut. Curc. 3, 26:

    muri,

    Liv. 26, 51:

    naves,

    id. 25, 3:

    faces,

    i. e. pieces of pine-wood split up for torches, Ov. M. 3, 508:

    rates,

    shattered, leaky, Hor. C. 4, 8, 32; 1, 1, 18:

    murra,

    Ov. M. 15, 399:

    lectus,

    id. H. 11, 78:

    harundo,

    Petr. 69:

    turres,

    Sen. Thyest. 568; cf.:

    multo tempora quassa mero,

    Ov. R. Am. 146; cf. quasso, I. B. —
    B.
    Trop.:

    quassā voce,

    in a broken voice, Curt. 7, 7, 20:

    littera,

    Quint. 12, 10, 29:

    anima quassa malis,

    broken down, exhausted, worn out, Sen. Herc. Fur. 1308:

    quasso imperio,

    Sil. 15, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > quatio

  • 4 sternō

        sternō strāvī, strātus, ere    [STER-], to spread out, spread abroad, stretch out, extend, strew, scatter: Sternitur in duro vellus solo, O.: virgas, strew, O.: passim poma, V.: corpora, stretch, L.: Sternimur gremio telluris, lie down, V.— To spread out, flatten, smooth, level: Sterneret aequor aquis, V.: straverunt aequora venti, V.: pontum, O.: odia militum, to calm, moderate, Ta.— To cover, spread, bestrew: foliis nemus tempestas Sternet, H.: Congeriem silvae vellere, O.: strati bacis agri, V.—Of a bed or couch, to cover, spread, prepare, arrange, make: lectus vestimentis stratus est, T.: pelliculis lectulos: torum frondibus, Iu.—Of a way, to cover, lay, pave: locum sternendum locare: via strata, L.: semitam saxo quadrato, L.—Of an animal, to saddle: equos, L.— To throw down, stretch out, lay low, throw to the ground, overthrow, prostrate, raze, level: catervas, L.: omnia ferro, L.: Ter leto sternendus erat, V.: Stravit humi pronam, O.: Primosque et extremos metendo Stravit humum, H.: Sternitur volnere, V.: Thyesten exitio gravi, H.: Strata belua texit humum, O.—Fig., to cast down, prostrate: adflictos se et stratos esse fateantur: mortalia corda Per gentīs humilīs stravit pavor, V.: haec omnia strata humi erexit, L.
    * * *
    sternere, stravi, stratus V
    spread, strew, scatter; lay out

    Latin-English dictionary > sternō

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